A duhet sulmuar Iraku??????
si mendoni a duhet sulmuar sadam husain????
si mendoni a duhet sulmuar sadam husain????
A duhet sulmuar Iraku??????
- Thread starter disku
- Data e fillimit
Re: A duhet sulmuar Iraku??????
Perse?, te majtet e kane inat Ameriken ???
Nga H. RAMA & B. SINA
NEW YORK NY: "Ndërsa Luani flinte ata e zgjuan nga gjumi" është fraz kjo e marr nga fjalimi historik, i 14 qershorit 2001. Ditë, kur presidenti i 43-të, i SHBA-së George W. Bush, dy ditë pasë tragjedisë së madhe me fjalimin e tij të konsideruar historik dhe me këtë fraz si pjes biblike, tregojë supërforcën amerikane e cila megjithse në një humbje të madhe, ngallnjen si luani mbi kundërshtarin. Kjo, për të vetmin qëllim se ky shtetet i kthyer shtet simbol për gjithë njerëzimin, ka një fuqi magjike për të treguar se edhe në momente nga më të vështirat se ai i 11 shtatorit 2001, di të dalë edhe më i fuqishëm, më dinjitoz, më krenar, me më shumë mësime për të ardhmen dhe të ngjalli shpresat edhe athere kur njërëzit i kanë humbur ato. Ngjarjet tragjike të vitit të kaluar, të cilat ishin nga më të rëndat që ka pësuar Amerika, çelën një pafundësi polemikash e debatesh, në të gjitha rangjet më të larta të këtij shteti deri tek opinionet e thjeshta.
Ato ngjarje analizohen sot si mësim për të gjithë Amerikën. Për t'u çuar nga gjumi për të parë ata që pikërishtë se duan Amerikën, dhe e kanë urrejtje patalogjike për këtë vend. Pikërishtë për atë shpurr njerëzish të cilët nuk janë më banorë të nderëshëm të këtij vendi, por janë me një mision të caktuar banorë të këtij trolli.
Një damar që ngriti lart presionin pasë këtyre ngjarjeve, është edhe ai që në çdo bisedë, takim ose tubime të ndryshme majtistët, komunistët brënda dha jashtë Amerikës, shfytëzojn rastin të shfryejnë anti-amerikanizmin shpirtëror të këtyre njerëze, të edukuar dhe mësuar me ideologjinë që i lindi e i rriti me marksizëm leninizminin e komunizmin.
Megjithse, të nënshtruar dhe të hallakatur pasë këtij vendi, i cili tregohet më shumë se sa duhet zëmërgjërë, duke ju krijuar edhe atyre të drejta të barabarta me të gjithë qytetarët e tij. Megjithse e di që ky njeri i lindur hipokrit e genjështar në gjene, vazhdon ta shajë Amerikën e të jet i pakënaqur me Amerikën. Megjithse ky njeri kameleon i "betuar" për Amerikën!?!? mund t'i sjelli gjithçka ashtu si terroristët. Amerikanët, deri tani nuk kanë treguar ende ndonjë demostrim hakmarrës ndaj kësaj shtrese të keq-bërse e shoqërisë, e cila ka ardhur në SHBA-s, nga strofullat botërore të marksizëm - leninizmit.
Amerikanët po tregojnë se nuk janë më në gjumë si përpara 11 shtatorit 2001, kur "Ndërsa Luani flinte ata e zgjuan nga gjumi". Komunistët, e Rusisë, Kinës, Vitenamit, Shqipërisë, Koresë së Veriut, Kubës, dhe shumë vendeve të tjera, janë në shënjestër të rrezikut që mund t'i sjellin SHBA-ës. Ndaj, amerikanët të vet-dijëshëm nga frika e majtizmit ideologjik, duke pataur parsyshë atë se po këta njërëz janë po ata që digjin flamurin amerikan dhe organizonin demostrata anti-amerikane në kryqendrat e botës. Janë po ata që e quanin Amerikën xhandarin e popujve të lirë, dhe iperializmin amerikan rrezikun e popujve anemban botës. Janë po ata që udhëhoqën fushta dhjetra vjeçare anti-amerikane , ata që interrnuan, burgosën dhe pushkatuan të gjithë atë klasë njerëzish e cila kishte ëndërr dhe në shpirt Amerikën .
Në këtë kontekest shihet se çdo gjë pas 11 shtatorit 2001 ka ndryshur dhe Amerika e shehë majtizmin si një shpurr nga mund t'i vijë rreziku i terrorizmit ndëkombëtar.
Më shumë se një alarm për të gjithë amerikanët duke treguar rrezikun majtistë në amerikë, shërben edhe libri i shkrimtarit amerikan Daniel J. Flynn, me titull"Why the Left Hates America","Përse majtistët e kanë inat Amerikën" (ISBN 0-7615-6375-X ,$23.95 U.S. $35.95 Can. 272 faqe). Libri fillon me shprehjen se përse të majtët e shohin se Flamuri Amerikan qëndron për urrejtje, nxitje për luftë, dhe imperialism. Ata e konsiderojnë sistemin amerikan një "sistem amerikan i marketit të lirë që është fajtorë për vrasjen dhe nënshtrimin e mijëra njërëzve." Sipas të majtëve: Ky vend(SHBA) rrit rracistë dhe seksist."
Më tej shkruehet në libër si për ironi duke shfrytëzuar citimet majtiste "A? është Amerika vërtet aq e keqe? Kjo është e vërtet vetëm n.q.s besoni gënjeshtrat e anti-Amerikanëve të majtë në të gjitha vendet ish-komuniste të cilët tani këkojnë të jetojn me Amerikën.
Kjo pikturë e shëmtuar paraqitet në libër nga të majtët, të cilët për vite të tëra nxitën masat e mëdha të njërëzve në vendet tyre që t'a nxin Amerikën. E pikërishtë këtë Amerikë e cila sot është vendi më madheshtorë, dhe më të lirë në histori. është kjo e majtë e bërë nga një e Majtë e cili më mirë idealizon Ho Chi Minh, Mao ce Dunin, Stalinin, Lenin, Pol Potin, Enver Hoxhen, Nikola Causheskun, Kabilen dhe Fidel Castro, të cilët, pushkatuan, e torturuan të gjith ata që mendonin për lirinë e demokracinë.
Ata idealizojnë këta njërëz që dogjën biznese dhe shkaterrun prona për të protestuar kundër marketave të lira. Janë të majtët ata dhe të cilët luftojnë përkrahë me terroristat kur në të njëtën kohë si gjithë bota e civilizuar ata duhet të shkojnë kundër tyre.
Dhe të gjitha këto sipas autorit, ndodhin në një kohë kur ata në vend që të nderoin simbolet e lirisë dhe demokracisë George Washington dhe Thomas Jefferson, me nostaligji kujtojnë e nderojnë diktatorët komunistë.
Ata e shajnë kushtetutën Amerikane, dhe në të njëjtën megjithse jeton në Amerikë prej kohësh fshihen ende mbrapa Amendamentit të Parë, dhe ideja e tyre e paraqitjes së flamurit amerikanë është duke e djegur flamurin dhe duke e paraduar nëpër rrugë, si p.sh. kur flasin në emër të globalizmit dhe kundra aleancës veri-atlantike Po, kjo është një nga pikëpamjet e të Majteve të cilët në të vërtet kur vedi i tyre kërkon të bëjë ndryshime në të mirë të popullit të tyre duke marr si shëmbull lirinë Amerikane e urrejnë edhe vendin e tyre, dhe nuk ndalojnë para asnjë gjëje tjetër derisa ta shkatërrojnë-duke shkatërruar lirinë e popullit gjatë këtij procesi.
Autori dhe komentatori Daniel J. Flynn gërrmon thellë të majtën botrore dhe lidhjet e saja me të Majtën Amerikane. Me këtë rast autori tregon pse ata fajsojnë Amerikën për çdo gjë të keqe që ndodh në botë, duke injoruar kontribimet dhe ndihmën e Amerikës.
Ky libër tregon, se Amerikanët kanë të drejtën kushtetuese më të prefeksionuar në botë, të shprehin mendimet e tyre. Por, në këtë aspekt majtistët amerikan shpesh-her i shfrytëzojn veprimet e anti-Amerikanëve dhe kanë rezultate shkatërruese dhe anarshiste.
Dhe fakti më shokues dhe për të ardhur keq është se shumica majtistëve kanë penetruar në shoqërinë Amerikane, ata janë mësues, profesorë, gazetarë, biznesmen, gjithashtu gjykatës dhe politikanë në disa raste. Shokues dhe kontraversal-ky libër, tregon një herë dhe përgjithmonë se ajo çfarë degjoni në propogandën dhe shprehja e urrejtejs për Amerikën, është metoda majtiste për njollosur SHBA-s.
Autori bënë thirrje në fund të librit se e Majta dhe anti-Amerikanët, nuk tregonë gjë tjetër veçse tregojn atë se çfarë mund të bëhet në Amerikë që t'i mbahen në distancë këtë njërëz që e kanë inat Amerikën
Perse?, te majtet e kane inat Ameriken ???
Nga H. RAMA & B. SINA
NEW YORK NY: "Ndërsa Luani flinte ata e zgjuan nga gjumi" është fraz kjo e marr nga fjalimi historik, i 14 qershorit 2001. Ditë, kur presidenti i 43-të, i SHBA-së George W. Bush, dy ditë pasë tragjedisë së madhe me fjalimin e tij të konsideruar historik dhe me këtë fraz si pjes biblike, tregojë supërforcën amerikane e cila megjithse në një humbje të madhe, ngallnjen si luani mbi kundërshtarin. Kjo, për të vetmin qëllim se ky shtetet i kthyer shtet simbol për gjithë njerëzimin, ka një fuqi magjike për të treguar se edhe në momente nga më të vështirat se ai i 11 shtatorit 2001, di të dalë edhe më i fuqishëm, më dinjitoz, më krenar, me më shumë mësime për të ardhmen dhe të ngjalli shpresat edhe athere kur njërëzit i kanë humbur ato. Ngjarjet tragjike të vitit të kaluar, të cilat ishin nga më të rëndat që ka pësuar Amerika, çelën një pafundësi polemikash e debatesh, në të gjitha rangjet më të larta të këtij shteti deri tek opinionet e thjeshta.
Ato ngjarje analizohen sot si mësim për të gjithë Amerikën. Për t'u çuar nga gjumi për të parë ata që pikërishtë se duan Amerikën, dhe e kanë urrejtje patalogjike për këtë vend. Pikërishtë për atë shpurr njerëzish të cilët nuk janë më banorë të nderëshëm të këtij vendi, por janë me një mision të caktuar banorë të këtij trolli.
Një damar që ngriti lart presionin pasë këtyre ngjarjeve, është edhe ai që në çdo bisedë, takim ose tubime të ndryshme majtistët, komunistët brënda dha jashtë Amerikës, shfytëzojn rastin të shfryejnë anti-amerikanizmin shpirtëror të këtyre njerëze, të edukuar dhe mësuar me ideologjinë që i lindi e i rriti me marksizëm leninizminin e komunizmin.
Megjithse, të nënshtruar dhe të hallakatur pasë këtij vendi, i cili tregohet më shumë se sa duhet zëmërgjërë, duke ju krijuar edhe atyre të drejta të barabarta me të gjithë qytetarët e tij. Megjithse e di që ky njeri i lindur hipokrit e genjështar në gjene, vazhdon ta shajë Amerikën e të jet i pakënaqur me Amerikën. Megjithse ky njeri kameleon i "betuar" për Amerikën!?!? mund t'i sjelli gjithçka ashtu si terroristët. Amerikanët, deri tani nuk kanë treguar ende ndonjë demostrim hakmarrës ndaj kësaj shtrese të keq-bërse e shoqërisë, e cila ka ardhur në SHBA-s, nga strofullat botërore të marksizëm - leninizmit.
Amerikanët po tregojnë se nuk janë më në gjumë si përpara 11 shtatorit 2001, kur "Ndërsa Luani flinte ata e zgjuan nga gjumi". Komunistët, e Rusisë, Kinës, Vitenamit, Shqipërisë, Koresë së Veriut, Kubës, dhe shumë vendeve të tjera, janë në shënjestër të rrezikut që mund t'i sjellin SHBA-ës. Ndaj, amerikanët të vet-dijëshëm nga frika e majtizmit ideologjik, duke pataur parsyshë atë se po këta njërëz janë po ata që digjin flamurin amerikan dhe organizonin demostrata anti-amerikane në kryqendrat e botës. Janë po ata që e quanin Amerikën xhandarin e popujve të lirë, dhe iperializmin amerikan rrezikun e popujve anemban botës. Janë po ata që udhëhoqën fushta dhjetra vjeçare anti-amerikane , ata që interrnuan, burgosën dhe pushkatuan të gjithë atë klasë njerëzish e cila kishte ëndërr dhe në shpirt Amerikën .
Në këtë kontekest shihet se çdo gjë pas 11 shtatorit 2001 ka ndryshur dhe Amerika e shehë majtizmin si një shpurr nga mund t'i vijë rreziku i terrorizmit ndëkombëtar.
Më shumë se një alarm për të gjithë amerikanët duke treguar rrezikun majtistë në amerikë, shërben edhe libri i shkrimtarit amerikan Daniel J. Flynn, me titull"Why the Left Hates America","Përse majtistët e kanë inat Amerikën" (ISBN 0-7615-6375-X ,$23.95 U.S. $35.95 Can. 272 faqe). Libri fillon me shprehjen se përse të majtët e shohin se Flamuri Amerikan qëndron për urrejtje, nxitje për luftë, dhe imperialism. Ata e konsiderojnë sistemin amerikan një "sistem amerikan i marketit të lirë që është fajtorë për vrasjen dhe nënshtrimin e mijëra njërëzve." Sipas të majtëve: Ky vend(SHBA) rrit rracistë dhe seksist."
Më tej shkruehet në libër si për ironi duke shfrytëzuar citimet majtiste "A? është Amerika vërtet aq e keqe? Kjo është e vërtet vetëm n.q.s besoni gënjeshtrat e anti-Amerikanëve të majtë në të gjitha vendet ish-komuniste të cilët tani këkojnë të jetojn me Amerikën.
Kjo pikturë e shëmtuar paraqitet në libër nga të majtët, të cilët për vite të tëra nxitën masat e mëdha të njërëzve në vendet tyre që t'a nxin Amerikën. E pikërishtë këtë Amerikë e cila sot është vendi më madheshtorë, dhe më të lirë në histori. është kjo e majtë e bërë nga një e Majtë e cili më mirë idealizon Ho Chi Minh, Mao ce Dunin, Stalinin, Lenin, Pol Potin, Enver Hoxhen, Nikola Causheskun, Kabilen dhe Fidel Castro, të cilët, pushkatuan, e torturuan të gjith ata që mendonin për lirinë e demokracinë.
Ata idealizojnë këta njërëz që dogjën biznese dhe shkaterrun prona për të protestuar kundër marketave të lira. Janë të majtët ata dhe të cilët luftojnë përkrahë me terroristat kur në të njëtën kohë si gjithë bota e civilizuar ata duhet të shkojnë kundër tyre.
Dhe të gjitha këto sipas autorit, ndodhin në një kohë kur ata në vend që të nderoin simbolet e lirisë dhe demokracisë George Washington dhe Thomas Jefferson, me nostaligji kujtojnë e nderojnë diktatorët komunistë.
Ata e shajnë kushtetutën Amerikane, dhe në të njëjtën megjithse jeton në Amerikë prej kohësh fshihen ende mbrapa Amendamentit të Parë, dhe ideja e tyre e paraqitjes së flamurit amerikanë është duke e djegur flamurin dhe duke e paraduar nëpër rrugë, si p.sh. kur flasin në emër të globalizmit dhe kundra aleancës veri-atlantike Po, kjo është një nga pikëpamjet e të Majteve të cilët në të vërtet kur vedi i tyre kërkon të bëjë ndryshime në të mirë të popullit të tyre duke marr si shëmbull lirinë Amerikane e urrejnë edhe vendin e tyre, dhe nuk ndalojnë para asnjë gjëje tjetër derisa ta shkatërrojnë-duke shkatërruar lirinë e popullit gjatë këtij procesi.
Autori dhe komentatori Daniel J. Flynn gërrmon thellë të majtën botrore dhe lidhjet e saja me të Majtën Amerikane. Me këtë rast autori tregon pse ata fajsojnë Amerikën për çdo gjë të keqe që ndodh në botë, duke injoruar kontribimet dhe ndihmën e Amerikës.
Ky libër tregon, se Amerikanët kanë të drejtën kushtetuese më të prefeksionuar në botë, të shprehin mendimet e tyre. Por, në këtë aspekt majtistët amerikan shpesh-her i shfrytëzojn veprimet e anti-Amerikanëve dhe kanë rezultate shkatërruese dhe anarshiste.
Dhe fakti më shokues dhe për të ardhur keq është se shumica majtistëve kanë penetruar në shoqërinë Amerikane, ata janë mësues, profesorë, gazetarë, biznesmen, gjithashtu gjykatës dhe politikanë në disa raste. Shokues dhe kontraversal-ky libër, tregon një herë dhe përgjithmonë se ajo çfarë degjoni në propogandën dhe shprehja e urrejtejs për Amerikën, është metoda majtiste për njollosur SHBA-s.
Autori bënë thirrje në fund të librit se e Majta dhe anti-Amerikanët, nuk tregonë gjë tjetër veçse tregojn atë se çfarë mund të bëhet në Amerikë që t'i mbahen në distancë këtë njërëz që e kanë inat Amerikën
Re: A duhet sulmuar Iraku??????
Gjeta kete artikull ne Internet ne lidhje me Irakun
Counterspin: Pro-war mythology
By Scott Burchill, lecturer in international relations at the School of Social & International Studies, Deakin University
January 14 2003
Perhaps the most remarkable feature of this pre-war period is that despite intelligence dossiers, parliamentary speeches and months of disingenuous government propaganda portraying Saddam Hussein as an imminent threat to life on earth, only 37% of Australians support an illegal, unilateral strike by Washington against Baghdad.
We can be confident the Australian Government is concerned by this figure when the Prime Minister starts conjuring implausible and hysterical "what if in 5 years time..." scenarios to bolster his case for war (The Australian, 1 January, 2003). It's not easy making the current peace "seem unacceptably dangerous" (Mearsheimer & Walt 2002).
Spin doctors and PR consultants will therefore be working hard over the next two months in an effort to close the gap between public opposition to a war against Iraq and government enthusiasm thinly disguised as a commitment to the The United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) process.
Their work will be made considerably easier by the support of loyal servants of state power within the fourth estate who will be reliable conduits for opinion management by governments in Canberra, London and Washington.
Amongst the agitprop, disinformation and outright fabrications by commissars and politicians, the following questions and themes will be prominent in future weeks. Each of them deserves careful analysis.
Is Saddam Hussein likely to use weapons of mass destruction (WMD) against the US and its allies?
First, many states, including the US, the UK and Israel, acquire these weapons for deterrence against external attack. You've got to admire Prime Minister Howard and the pro-war lobby for pretending not to understand the lesson that Iraq-North Korea are now teaching the world: If you want to deter the war addicts in Washington, you'd better have weapons of mass destruction and resources of terror. Nothing else will work.
Why wouldn't Iraq develop WMD for deterrence purposes given threats by Washington and London? We are discouraged from seeing things from Iraq's point of view, but in many ways WMD make sense for vulnerable states. As the realist theorist Kenneth Waltz argues, "North Korea, Iraq, Iran and others know that the United States can be held at bay only by deterrence. Weapons of mass destruction are the only means by which they can hope to deter the United States. They cannot hope to do so by relying on conventional weapons."
As with every country, Iraq's weapons inventory and systems tell us precisely nothing about its strategic intentions.
Secondly, Iraq had chemical and biological weapons during the Gulf War in 1991 and chose not to use them. Why would Saddam Hussein be more inclined to use them now knowing the horrendous consequences (as they were explained to him by Brent Scowcroft in 1991), unless his personal survival was at stake and he had nothing left to lose? AS CIA head George Tenet reminded President George W. Bush, Saddam was unlikely to launch WMD against the US unless the survival of his regime was threatened.
As Mearsheimer and Walt argue, "the threat of Iraqi nuclear blackmail is not credible. Not surprisingly, hawks do not explain how Saddam could blackmail the United States and its allies when a rival superpower like the Soviet Union [with 40,000 nuclear weapons] never seriously attempted to blackmail Washington, much less did it."
Saddam Hussein has form: He has used WMD before
It is true that Saddam Hussein has used these weapons before, against those who couldn't respond in kind - Iranian soldiers and perhaps most infamously on 17 March 1988 against "his own people" in the Kurdish city of Halabja. Within half an hour of this attack over 5000 men, women and children were dead from chemical weapons containing a range of pathogens which were dropped on them.
If Washington and London are genuinely concerned about Iraq's WMD, why did they continue to supply him with the means to acquire them for 18 months after the attack on Halabja?
Initially, the US blamed Iran for the Halabja attack, a particularly cynical ploy given Saddam had also used chemical weapons against Teheran's forces during their nine-year conflict in the 1980s. In fact Washington continued to treat Saddam as a favoured ally and trading partner long after the attack on Halabja was exposed as his handiwork.
At the time, the Reagan Administration tried to prevent criticism of Saddam's chemical attack on the Kurds in the Congress and in December 1989, George Bush's father authorised new loans to Saddam in order to achieve the "goal of increasing US exports and put us in a better position to deal with Iraq regarding its human rights record ". Surprisingly, the goal was never reached. In February 1989, eleven months after Halabja, John Kelly, US Assistant Secretary of State, flew to Baghdad to tell Saddam Hussein that "you are a source for moderation in the region, and the United States wants to broaden her relationship with Iraq".
According to the reports of a Senate Banking Committee, the United States provided the government of Iraq with 'dual-use' licensed materials which assisted in the development of Iraqi chemical, biological and missile-system programs. According to the report, this assistance included "chemical warfare-agent precursors; chemical warfare-agent production facility plans and technical drawings; chemical warfare-filling equipment; biological warfare-related materials; missile fabrication equipment and missile system guidance equipment". These technologies were sent to Iraq until December 1989, 20 months after Halabja.
According to William Blum a "veritable witch's brew of biological materials were exported to Iraq by private American suppliers," including Bacillus Anthracis (cause of anthrax), Clostridium Botulinum (a source of botulinum toxin), Histoplasma Capsulatam (causes disease which attacks lungs, brain, spinal chord and heart), Brucella Melitensis (bacteria which attacks vital organs) and other toxic agents. The US Senate Committee said "these biological materials were not attenuated or weakened and were capable of reproduction," and it was later discovered that "these microorganisms exported by the United States were identical to those the United Nations inspectors found and removed from the Iraqi biological warfare program".
After the recent leaking in Germany of Iraq's 12,000 page declaration of its weapons program, it is now known that at least 150 companies, mostly in Europe, the United States and Japan, provided components and know-how needed by Saddam Hussein to build atomic bombs, chemical and biological weapons. Unsurprisingly, the US was keen to excise these details from Iraq's report before its wider dissemination to non-permanent members of the Security Council (Newsday (US), 13 December, 2002; The Independent (UK), 18 & 19 December, 2002; Scotland on Sunday (UK), 22 December, 2002).
Historian Gabriel Kolko claims that "the United Stares supplied Iraq with intelligence throughout the war [with Iran] and provided it with more than $US5 billion in food credits, technology, and industrial products, most coming after it began to use mustard, cyanide, and nerve gases against both Iranians and dissident Iraqi Kurds".
If the US is genuinely concerned by Saddam's WMD, why did Donald Rumsfeld (then a presidential envoy for President Reagan, currently President George W. Bush's Defence Secretary) fly to Baghdad in December 1983 to meet Saddam and normalise the US-Iraq relationship, at a time when Washington new Iraq was using chemical weapons on an "almost daily" basis against Iran (Washington Post, 30 December, 2002)? Why were no concerns about the use of these weapons raised with Baghdad?
Saddam has been successfully deterred from using WMD against other states with WMD. There is no reason to believe this situation has changed or will.
Saddam Hussein has invaded his neighbours twice
True, but this can hardly be a source of outrage for Western governments or a pretext for his removal from power given they actively supported his invasion of Iran in the 1980s with intelligence (eg satellite imagery of Iranian troop positions) and weaponry and, in the case of Washington, told Saddam it was agnostic about his border dispute with Kuwait just prior to Iraq's invasion in August 1990 (US Ambassador April Glaspie told Saddam in 1990 that "We have no opinion on the Arab-Arab conflicts, like your border disagreement with Kuwait." The U.S. State Department reinforced this message by declaring that Washington had "no special defense or security commitments to Kuwait".) This is mock outrage at best.
Saddam's behaviour is no worse than several of his neighbours. As Mearsheimer and Walt remind us, "Saddam's past behavior is no worse than that of several other states in the Middle East, and it may even be marginally better".
"Egypt fought six wars between 1948 and 1973 (five against Israel, plus the civil war in Yemen), and played a key role in starting four of them. Israel initiated wars on three occasions (the Suez War in 1956, the Six Day War in 1967, and the 1982 invasion of Lebanon), and has conducted innumerable air strikes and commando raids against its various Arab adversaries."
Saddam Hussein is a monster who runs a violent, oppressive regime
True again, though this didn't prevent him from being a favoured ally and trading partner of the West at the peak of his crimes in the 1980s. As Mark Thomas notes, the conspicuous aspect of British Labour's attitude to Iraq has been the failure of Blair, Straw, Prescott, Blunkett, Cook or Hoon to register any concerns about Iraq's human rights record whenever the opportunities arose in the British Parliament during the 1980s and 1990s (New Statesman, 9 December, 2002).
Washington, London and Canberra never had reservations about General Suharto's brutal rule in Indonesia, to take on one example of relations between the West and autocratic regimes around the world, and were in fact overjoyed when he came to power over the bodies of hundreds of thousands of his fellow citizens in 1965.
Only the threat of force by the US has forced Iraq to accept weapons inspectors
Possibly true, although this ignores the fact that the last time force was used against Iraq on a significant scale because of its non-compliance with UN Security Resolutions, the opposite effect was produced.
After the Clinton Administration and Blair Government attacked Iraq from 16-19 December, 1998, the result was the collapse of Richard Butler's UNSCOM and the absence of weapons inspectors from Iraq for the next four years. Hardly a testament to the use of force, to say nothing of the precedent this kind of behaviour sets. The Prime Minister's claim that "Hussein effectively expelled weapons inspectors during 1998" is untrue and he knows it (The Australian, 1 January, 2003). Richard Butler withdrew his weapons inspectors on Washington's advice only hours before the Anglo-American attacks in December 1998.
Why wasn't the threat of force an appropriate strategy for the West in response to Indonesia's brutal 24-year occupation of East Timor? Or South Africa's occupation of Namibia? Or Turkey's occupation of northern Cyprus? Or Israel's occupation of Palestine? Etc, etc,.
Has the threat posed by Saddam Hussein increased recently?
The West, particularly London and Washington, was solidly supporting Saddam when he committed the worst of his crimes at the zenith of his power and influence in the 1980s.
In terms of international support - especially Western and Soviet backing, the strength of his armed forces and the state of his industry and equipment, Saddam was considerably more dangerous then than he is now under harsh UN sanctions, (illegal) no-fly zones in the north (since 1991) and south (since 1993) of the country, political isolation and a degraded civilian infrastructure. Why are Saddam's attempts to develop WMD a concern now if they weren't when he actually used them?
Saddam Hussein will pass WMD on to terrorist groups such as Al Qaeda
Despite forensic efforts by Washington to produce a pretext for war, no credible evidence for this claim has been found. All we are left with is unsubstantiated assertions by Bush Administration officials such as Richard Armitage that he has no doubts Iraq would pass WMD on to terrorists (though he doesn't explain how an obvious return address resulting in reciprocal annihilation could be concealed).
This may be enough for compliant power-magnets in the Australian media, but it cannot withstand even a cursory examination. Where is the evidence for such a claim? Osama bin Laden offered the Saudi Government the resources of his organisation to remove Iraqi forces from Kuwait in 1990 instead of Riyadh relying on the US, such is the animosity between Islamic fundamentalists and secular nationalists in the Arab world. Saddam has responded by repressing fundamentalist groups within Iraq.
Would Saddam be likely to hand over to Al Qaeda nuclear weapons so painstakingly built when he, himself might be their first victim? Remarkably, the pro-war lobby reads this history as evidence of likely future co-operation between Baghdad and Al Qaeda.
Much of this is a smokescreen designed to conceal who the real proliferators of WMD are. Which states, for example assisted Israel to develop nuclear weapons - France and the US? What role did Pakistan and China play in helping North Korea build its nuclear stockpile? Why can't we read the list of European, Asian and US companies which proliferated WMD technologies to Iraq? Instead of imaginary scenarios asking 'what if Iraq acquires nuclear weapons in five years and what if it passes them on to terrorist organisations?, why not more sensible questions about which rogue states (most of whom are members of the so called 'war against terrorism') are already responsible for the proliferation of WMD?
The US wants to democratise Iraq
There is no serious US interest in a democratic transition in Iraq, because this could ultimately encourage the Shi'ite majority in the country to pursue a closer relationship with Shi'ite Iran - a nightmare scenario for Washington. It's more likely that a dissident former General, possibly involved in war crimes against Iraq's Kurdish or Shi'ite communities, will be returned from exile and presented as the "democratic opposition" to Saddam Hussein.
The US is interested in compliance and obedience rather than democracy. It has rarely, if ever, expressed an interest in democracy in the Middle East. Ideally, a pro-Western, anti-Iranian, secular "iron fist" would do. The recently rehabilitated Iraqi opposition in exile (with whom until recently the US refused to deal) has no democratic credibility and is largely unknown inside Iraq.
What is the status of pre-emptive strikes in international law?
A number of points can be made about Canberra's interest in retrospectively amending international law to legitimise a shift of strategic doctrine from deterrence to pre-emption. It would establish a precedent that others (Pakistan, India; North and South Korea) might be encouraged to follow; it would have a destabilising effect on international order; the difficulty (impossibility) of getting changes through the UN Security Council; the heightened sense of vulnerability for smaller states and for states in the region, etc, etc,. It would open up a can of worms.
Significantly, there is currently only one country which could seriously consider exercising a right to anticipatory self-defence under existing international law - Iraq. It has been directly threatened with attack by both the US and UK. There has been no reciprocal threat from Iraq.
The term 'pre-emptive war' isn't strictly accurate. As Steven Miller explains:
"Though Bush's approach has been almost universally described, in the media and elsewhere, as a doctrine of preemption, this is incorrect. Preemption refers to a military strike provoked by indications that an opponent is preparing to attack. The logic is: better to strike than be struck. But no one is suggesting that Saddam is preparing to strike the United States. There are no indications that this is the case. Bush is instead making the case for preventive war, for removing today a threat that may be more menacing and difficult in the future. The administration may prefer to label its policy preemption because that is an easier case to make. But it is not an accurate use of the term as traditionally defined."
According to international law specialist Michael Byers, "there is almost no support for a right of anticipatory self-defence as such in present-day customary international law". To the extent that pre-emptive action is permissible under Article 51 of the UN Charter, it requires very strong evidence and there is a heavy burden of justification. The United States, for example, would have to be facing a specific, grave and imminent threat from Iraq which could only be averted by the use of force. According to the test established in the mid-nineteenth century by US Secretary of State Daniel Webster - criteria applied in 1945 at Nuremberg - the need for pre-emptive action must be "instant, overwhelming, leaving no choice of means, and no moment for deliberation".
Otherwise a unilateral strike not authorised by the UN Security Council would be an act of aggression and a breach of international law. As claimed earlier, Iraq has a stronger case at this point in time (given US troop and equipment movements in Qatar, to say nothing of Bush's stated threats).
Christine Gray, author of a seminal modern text on the use of force under international law, argues that the reluctance of states "to invoke anticipatory self-defence is in itself a clear indication of the doubtful status of this jurisdiction for the use of force". According to Gray, in cases where Israel (Beirut 1968, Tunis 1985) and the US (Libya 1986, Iraq 1993, Sudan & Afghanistan 1998) have invoked anticipatory self-defence under Article 51 to justify attacks on their enemies, "the actions look more like reprisals, because they were punitive rather than defensive". The problem for the US and Israel, she argues, "is that all states agree that in principle forcible reprisals are unlawful".
By definition, pre-emptive strikes depend on conclusive intelligence. If the intelligence is wrong, as it was on 20 August 1998 when the Clinton Administration attacked the El Shifa pharmaceutical plant in Khartoum, Sudan, mistakenly believing it was an Al Qaeda chemical weapons factory, the results can be catastrophic for the innocent - self-defence becomes aggression.
Interestingly, the US has not always supported the 'doctrine' of anticipatory self-defence, even when its closest allies invoked it. On 7 June 1981 unmarked American-built F-16 aircraft of the Israeli airforce attacked and destroyed a nuclear reactor at Osirak in Iraq. The raid was authorised by Prime Minister Menachem Begin, but had been internally opposed by Yitzhak Hofi, the director of Mossad, and Major-General Yehoshua Saguy, chief of military intelligence, because there was no evidence that Iraq was capable of building a nuclear bomb. This was also the view of the International Atomic Energy Authority. At the time of the attack, Israel itself had been developing and accumulating nuclear weapons for thirteen years, primarily at its nuclear facility at Dimona.
In response to Israel's unprovoked pre-emptive strike, US Vice President George Bush Snr argued that sanctions had to be imposed on Israel. The US State Department condemned the bombing for its destabilising impact "which cannot but seriously add to the already tense situation in the area". The basis of Washington's concern, it must be said, was not its opposition to anticipatory self-defence per se but that Israel had violated the UN Charter by not exhausting all peaceful means for the resolution of the conflict - in truth no peaceful resolution had been sought. A few days after the raid, Ronald Reagan's White House announced that the planned delivery of four additional F-16s to Israel would be suspended in protest against the attack. The suspension was discretely lifted soon after.
In the current climate when pre-emptive attacks are being invoked as just responses to terrorism, it is worth recalling Princeton University historian Arno Mayer comments in Le Monde shortly after the 9/11 attacks:
"...since 1947 America has been the chief and pioneering perpetrator of "pre-emptive" state terror, exclusively in the Third World and therefore widely dissembled. Besides the unexceptional subversion and overthrow of governments in competition with the Soviet Union during the Cold War, Washington has resorted to political assassinations, surrogate death squads, and unseemly freedom fighters (eg, bin Laden). It masterminded the killing of Lumumba and Allende; and it unsuccessfully tried to put to death Castro, Khadafi, and Saddam Hussein... and vetoed all efforts to rein in not only Israel's violation of international agreements and UN resolutions but also its practice of pre-emptive state terror."
The question of oil: Access or control?
From the middle of last century Washington's foreign policy priority in the Middle East was to establish US control over what the State Department described as "a stupendous source of strategic power and one of the great material prizes in world history", namely the region's vast reserves of crude oil. Middle Eastern oil was regarded in Washington as "probably the richest economic prize in the world in the field of foreign investment", in what President Eisenhower described as the most "strategically important area in the world".
Control could be most easily maintained via a number of despotic feudal oligarchies in the Gulf which ensured the extraordinary wealth of region would be shared between a small number of ruling families and US oil companies, rather than European commercial competitors or the population of these states. Until recently the US has not required the oil for itself though it needed to ensure that the oil price stayed within a desirable range or band - not too low for profit making or too high to discourage consumption and induce inflation. A side benefit of this control over such a vital industrial resource is the influence it gives the US over economic development in rival countries such as Japan.
The greatest threat to this control has always been independent economic nationalism, especially nationalist politicians within the oil-producing region who, unlike the feudal oligarchies of the Gulf states, would channel wealth into endogenous development priorities rather than to US transnationals.
The US wants to secure reliable access to the world's second largest oil reserves, 112 billion barrels already known with possibly double that figure still to be mapped and claimed, thus depriving France and Russia of commercial advantages they have developed in Iraq over the last decade when US companies have been excluded. Just as importantly, access to Iraqi oil would also make the US less reliant upon - and therefore less supportive of - the regime in Saudi Arabia. The geo-political dynamics of the Middle East would be transformed.
If Russia and France maintain their inside track on Iraqi oil, then US corporations will be partially shut out from an enormous resource prize. No US administration is likely to accept that scenario. Meanwhile, Iraqi dissidents close to Washington have promised to cancel all existing oil contracts awarded to firms which do not assist the US to remove Saddam Hussein from power. Regime change in Baghdad could therefore be a bonanza for US oil companies and a disaster for Russian and French companies which have painstakingly built up their relations with the Iraqi dictator since the Gulf war. When Iraq's oil comes fully back on stream, as many as 5 million barrels of oil (or 6.5%) could be added to the world's daily supply. The implications of this for existing suppliers, the global spot price, economic growth, OPEC and the world's consumers are enormous.
This is not an issue of access, it is primarily about control. The US was just as concerned to control Middle East oil producing regions when it didn't depend on them at all. Until about 30 years ago, North America was the largest producer and the US scarcely used Middle East oil at all. Since then Venezuela has normally been the largest oil exporter to the United States. US intelligence projections suggest that in coming years the US will rely primarily on Western Hemisphere resources: primarily the Atlantic basin - Venezuela, Mexico, Brazil, probably Colombia, but also possibly Canada, which has huge potential reserves if they become economically competitive. Imported supplies accounted for 50% of US oil consumption in 2000 and by 2020 the figure is expected to rise to 66%.
Control over the world's greatest concentration of energy resources has two goals: (1) economic: huge profits for energy corporations, construction firms, arms producers, as well as petrodollars recycled to US treasury, etc; and (2) it's a lever of global geo-political control. For those trying to understand the motives behind US behaviour towards Iraq, it is impossible to underestimate the importance which oil has in the minds of Washington's strategic planners.
Attempts to discredit arguments about US access to Iraqi oil by claiming that it if it is interested in access to supplies it could more easily strike a deal with Saddam to satisfy its "thirst for oil" rather than overthrow him, entirely miss the crucial issue - control (The Australian, 2 January, 2003).
The credibility of the UN and Canberra
In September 2002, the Iraq issue in Australia suddenly centred on the honour and integrity of the UN, a subject not previously thought to have concerned the Howard Government. The international community "can't afford" to have its authority "brushed aside," argued foreign minister Alexander Downer, otherwise it will "look meaningless and weak, completely ineffectual". According to the Prime Minister, "if the United Nations Security Council doesn't rise to its responsibilities on this occasion it will badly weaken its credibility".
Former chief weapons inspector and Australian Ambassador to the UN, Richard Butler, argued that the Security Council faces the "challenge of its life" and its future would be "terminal" if it didn't hold Iraq to account this time. His predecessor at the UN, Michael Costello, agrees. "If the UN Security Council won't enforce its own resolutions against Iraq, the whole UN collective security system will be badly wounded, perhaps fatally."
One might have thought that the credibility of the UN Security Council had been badly weakened before now, say in Bosnia in 1993, Rwanda in 1994 or in East Timor in 1999 to cite only three recent cases when it failed to protect defenceless civilians from slaughter. Palestinians might wonder why the organisation's authority hasn't been "brushed aside" by Israel's consistent non-compliance with numerous Security Council resolutions calling for it's withdrawal from occupied territories, from resolution 242 in 1967 to resolution 1402 in March 2002.
Washington clearly has an idiosyncratic view about states complying with UN Security Council resolutions. If the US objects to non-compliance, the country is attacked. If the US favors non-compliance it either vetoes the resolution or disregards it, in which case it is as good as vetoed. Since the early 1970s, for example, the US has vetoed 22 draft Security Council resolutions on Palestine alone - this figure doesn't include 7 vetoes relating to Israel's invasion of Lebanon in the 1980s.
At the National Press Club and later on commercial talkback radio, Mr Howard seemed to think that because Israel was a democracy it shouldn't be judged by the same standards as Iraq. The future of the UN Security Council is not apparently terminal when its resolutions regarding Palestine and Israel are flouted. He should be reminded that democracies are just as obliged to observe international law as authoritarian dictatorships - there is no exemption. In fact we should expect a higher commitment to the rule of law from countries which pronounce their democratic credentials. Later, the argument shifted slightly. Israel wasn't obliged to observe UN Security Council Resolutions because they are only invoked under Chapter 6 of the UN Charter, rather than Chapter 7. This is a novel interpretation of international law, to put it kindly.
Despite rhetoric which portrays the UN as a foreign body at its moment of truth, it is nothing more than the states which comprise it - including Australia and the US. If it has become dysfunctional, it is those member states which manipulate it for their own individual purposes which are to blame. Those who think the credibility of the UN is suddenly at risk over the question of Iraq might like to explain why non-compliance now is suddenly a pretext for an imminent attack on Iraq when Baghdad has been in violation of UN Security Council resolutions for four years.
The Prime Minister asks if Iraq has "nothing to hide and nothing to conceal from the world community, why has it repeatedly refused to comply with the resolutions of the United Nations Security Council"?
Perhaps it's for the same reason that he restricts the UN from entering Australia's refugee detention centres? Or for the same reason Israel would not allow the UN to inspect its research institute at Nes Ziona near Tel Aviv which produces chemical and biological weapons, a stockpile of chemical agents Mr Howard claims he is "not aware" of.
If he had bothered to inquire, Mr Howard would have found that "there is hardly a single known or unknown form of chemical or biological weaponswhich is not manufactured at the institute", according to a biologist who held a senior post in Israeli intelligence. Nes Ziona does not work on defensive and protective devices, but only biological weapons for attack, claims the British Foreign Report.
The Prime Minister believes that Iraq's "aspiration to develop a nuclear capacity" might be a sufficient pretext for war. He has repeatedly claimed that "there is already a mountain of evidence in the public domain," though he didn't say what any of it actually proved beyond the existing public record, or how it established that the United States faces a specific, grave and imminent threat from Iraq which can only be averted by the use of force.
According to the Prime Minister, the mountain of evidence includes an IISS report which actually found Saddam was much less dangerous now than in the past when he was backed by the West. Scott Ritter, a former UN weapons inspector in Iraq, described the IISS report as little more than conjecture. "It's absurd. It has zero factual basis. It's all rhetoric...speculative and meaningless." There was a similar response to President Bush's speech to the United Nations General Assembly on 12 September, which outlined Iraq's breaches of international law. According to conservative Middle East expert Anthony Cordesman, Bush's speech was "clumsy and shallow" and little more than "a glorified press release." It offered little, if anything, that wasn't already on the public record. More a trough than a mountain.
At the UN on 13 September, Foreign Minister Downer claimed that "Iraq's flagrant and persistent defiance is a direct challenge to the United Nations, to the authority of the Security Council, to international law, and to the will of the international community". Four days later in the Australian Parliament Mr Downer repeated the charges, that Iraq "directly challenges the authority of the United Nations and international law," that it poses "a grave threat" to the world, that it "has flouted and frustrated UN resolutionspersistently defied legally binding obligations" and is therefore "a serial transgressor." Every one of these comments could also have been made about Israel. However, for reasons not explained there are to be no dossiers presented to the Parliament outlining its breaches of UN resolutions, it won't be called "a serial transgressor" of international law, nor has it's long history of defying Security Council resolutions ever meant that "the authority of the United Nations was at stake."
If Washington bypasses the Security Council or cannot get UN authorisation for a strike against Iraq but unilaterally attacks the country regardless, it will have done much greater damage to the UN's credibility than years of Iraqi non-compliance with Security Council resolutions.
Neither the Prime Minister nor the Foreign Minister have answered the key question: Where is the new evidence that makes military action against Iraq more urgent now than it has been since December 1998 when Richard Butler withdrew UNSCOM from Iraq? Prime Minister Howard claims the onus is on the critics of his Government's approach to articulate an alternative (The Australian, 1 January, 2003). What about the policy of containment his Government comfortably lived with between 1996 and 2002? As two conservative realists noted:
"The belief that Saddam's past behaviour shows that he cannot be contained rests on distorted history and dubious logic. In fact, the historical record shows that the United States can contain Iraq effectively - even if Saddam has nuclear weapons - just as it contained the Soviet Union during the Cold War. And that conclusion carries an obvious implication: there is no good reason to attack Iraq at this time" (Mearsheimer & Walt 2002).
***
Two powerful conservative/realist critiques of a US war against Iraq, which are nonetheless very sympathetic to Washington, are Steven E. Miller, 'Gambling on War: Force, Order, and the Implications of Attacking Iraq' in Carl Kaysen et al, War with Iraq: Costs, Consequences, and Alternatives (American Academy of Arts & Sciences, Committee on International Security Studies, Cambridge MA 2002); and John J. Mearsheimer & Stephen M. Walt, Can Saddam Be Contained? History Says Yes,(Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University, Cambridge MA November 2002).
***
Scott Burchill is a lecturer in international relations at the School of Social & International Studies, Deakin University.
This story was found at:http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/01/13/1041990224220.html
Gjeta kete artikull ne Internet ne lidhje me Irakun
Counterspin: Pro-war mythology
By Scott Burchill, lecturer in international relations at the School of Social & International Studies, Deakin University
January 14 2003
Perhaps the most remarkable feature of this pre-war period is that despite intelligence dossiers, parliamentary speeches and months of disingenuous government propaganda portraying Saddam Hussein as an imminent threat to life on earth, only 37% of Australians support an illegal, unilateral strike by Washington against Baghdad.
We can be confident the Australian Government is concerned by this figure when the Prime Minister starts conjuring implausible and hysterical "what if in 5 years time..." scenarios to bolster his case for war (The Australian, 1 January, 2003). It's not easy making the current peace "seem unacceptably dangerous" (Mearsheimer & Walt 2002).
Spin doctors and PR consultants will therefore be working hard over the next two months in an effort to close the gap between public opposition to a war against Iraq and government enthusiasm thinly disguised as a commitment to the The United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission (UNMOVIC) process.
Their work will be made considerably easier by the support of loyal servants of state power within the fourth estate who will be reliable conduits for opinion management by governments in Canberra, London and Washington.
Amongst the agitprop, disinformation and outright fabrications by commissars and politicians, the following questions and themes will be prominent in future weeks. Each of them deserves careful analysis.
Is Saddam Hussein likely to use weapons of mass destruction (WMD) against the US and its allies?
First, many states, including the US, the UK and Israel, acquire these weapons for deterrence against external attack. You've got to admire Prime Minister Howard and the pro-war lobby for pretending not to understand the lesson that Iraq-North Korea are now teaching the world: If you want to deter the war addicts in Washington, you'd better have weapons of mass destruction and resources of terror. Nothing else will work.
Why wouldn't Iraq develop WMD for deterrence purposes given threats by Washington and London? We are discouraged from seeing things from Iraq's point of view, but in many ways WMD make sense for vulnerable states. As the realist theorist Kenneth Waltz argues, "North Korea, Iraq, Iran and others know that the United States can be held at bay only by deterrence. Weapons of mass destruction are the only means by which they can hope to deter the United States. They cannot hope to do so by relying on conventional weapons."
As with every country, Iraq's weapons inventory and systems tell us precisely nothing about its strategic intentions.
Secondly, Iraq had chemical and biological weapons during the Gulf War in 1991 and chose not to use them. Why would Saddam Hussein be more inclined to use them now knowing the horrendous consequences (as they were explained to him by Brent Scowcroft in 1991), unless his personal survival was at stake and he had nothing left to lose? AS CIA head George Tenet reminded President George W. Bush, Saddam was unlikely to launch WMD against the US unless the survival of his regime was threatened.
As Mearsheimer and Walt argue, "the threat of Iraqi nuclear blackmail is not credible. Not surprisingly, hawks do not explain how Saddam could blackmail the United States and its allies when a rival superpower like the Soviet Union [with 40,000 nuclear weapons] never seriously attempted to blackmail Washington, much less did it."
Saddam Hussein has form: He has used WMD before
It is true that Saddam Hussein has used these weapons before, against those who couldn't respond in kind - Iranian soldiers and perhaps most infamously on 17 March 1988 against "his own people" in the Kurdish city of Halabja. Within half an hour of this attack over 5000 men, women and children were dead from chemical weapons containing a range of pathogens which were dropped on them.
If Washington and London are genuinely concerned about Iraq's WMD, why did they continue to supply him with the means to acquire them for 18 months after the attack on Halabja?
Initially, the US blamed Iran for the Halabja attack, a particularly cynical ploy given Saddam had also used chemical weapons against Teheran's forces during their nine-year conflict in the 1980s. In fact Washington continued to treat Saddam as a favoured ally and trading partner long after the attack on Halabja was exposed as his handiwork.
At the time, the Reagan Administration tried to prevent criticism of Saddam's chemical attack on the Kurds in the Congress and in December 1989, George Bush's father authorised new loans to Saddam in order to achieve the "goal of increasing US exports and put us in a better position to deal with Iraq regarding its human rights record ". Surprisingly, the goal was never reached. In February 1989, eleven months after Halabja, John Kelly, US Assistant Secretary of State, flew to Baghdad to tell Saddam Hussein that "you are a source for moderation in the region, and the United States wants to broaden her relationship with Iraq".
According to the reports of a Senate Banking Committee, the United States provided the government of Iraq with 'dual-use' licensed materials which assisted in the development of Iraqi chemical, biological and missile-system programs. According to the report, this assistance included "chemical warfare-agent precursors; chemical warfare-agent production facility plans and technical drawings; chemical warfare-filling equipment; biological warfare-related materials; missile fabrication equipment and missile system guidance equipment". These technologies were sent to Iraq until December 1989, 20 months after Halabja.
According to William Blum a "veritable witch's brew of biological materials were exported to Iraq by private American suppliers," including Bacillus Anthracis (cause of anthrax), Clostridium Botulinum (a source of botulinum toxin), Histoplasma Capsulatam (causes disease which attacks lungs, brain, spinal chord and heart), Brucella Melitensis (bacteria which attacks vital organs) and other toxic agents. The US Senate Committee said "these biological materials were not attenuated or weakened and were capable of reproduction," and it was later discovered that "these microorganisms exported by the United States were identical to those the United Nations inspectors found and removed from the Iraqi biological warfare program".
After the recent leaking in Germany of Iraq's 12,000 page declaration of its weapons program, it is now known that at least 150 companies, mostly in Europe, the United States and Japan, provided components and know-how needed by Saddam Hussein to build atomic bombs, chemical and biological weapons. Unsurprisingly, the US was keen to excise these details from Iraq's report before its wider dissemination to non-permanent members of the Security Council (Newsday (US), 13 December, 2002; The Independent (UK), 18 & 19 December, 2002; Scotland on Sunday (UK), 22 December, 2002).
Historian Gabriel Kolko claims that "the United Stares supplied Iraq with intelligence throughout the war [with Iran] and provided it with more than $US5 billion in food credits, technology, and industrial products, most coming after it began to use mustard, cyanide, and nerve gases against both Iranians and dissident Iraqi Kurds".
If the US is genuinely concerned by Saddam's WMD, why did Donald Rumsfeld (then a presidential envoy for President Reagan, currently President George W. Bush's Defence Secretary) fly to Baghdad in December 1983 to meet Saddam and normalise the US-Iraq relationship, at a time when Washington new Iraq was using chemical weapons on an "almost daily" basis against Iran (Washington Post, 30 December, 2002)? Why were no concerns about the use of these weapons raised with Baghdad?
Saddam has been successfully deterred from using WMD against other states with WMD. There is no reason to believe this situation has changed or will.
Saddam Hussein has invaded his neighbours twice
True, but this can hardly be a source of outrage for Western governments or a pretext for his removal from power given they actively supported his invasion of Iran in the 1980s with intelligence (eg satellite imagery of Iranian troop positions) and weaponry and, in the case of Washington, told Saddam it was agnostic about his border dispute with Kuwait just prior to Iraq's invasion in August 1990 (US Ambassador April Glaspie told Saddam in 1990 that "We have no opinion on the Arab-Arab conflicts, like your border disagreement with Kuwait." The U.S. State Department reinforced this message by declaring that Washington had "no special defense or security commitments to Kuwait".) This is mock outrage at best.
Saddam's behaviour is no worse than several of his neighbours. As Mearsheimer and Walt remind us, "Saddam's past behavior is no worse than that of several other states in the Middle East, and it may even be marginally better".
"Egypt fought six wars between 1948 and 1973 (five against Israel, plus the civil war in Yemen), and played a key role in starting four of them. Israel initiated wars on three occasions (the Suez War in 1956, the Six Day War in 1967, and the 1982 invasion of Lebanon), and has conducted innumerable air strikes and commando raids against its various Arab adversaries."
Saddam Hussein is a monster who runs a violent, oppressive regime
True again, though this didn't prevent him from being a favoured ally and trading partner of the West at the peak of his crimes in the 1980s. As Mark Thomas notes, the conspicuous aspect of British Labour's attitude to Iraq has been the failure of Blair, Straw, Prescott, Blunkett, Cook or Hoon to register any concerns about Iraq's human rights record whenever the opportunities arose in the British Parliament during the 1980s and 1990s (New Statesman, 9 December, 2002).
Washington, London and Canberra never had reservations about General Suharto's brutal rule in Indonesia, to take on one example of relations between the West and autocratic regimes around the world, and were in fact overjoyed when he came to power over the bodies of hundreds of thousands of his fellow citizens in 1965.
Only the threat of force by the US has forced Iraq to accept weapons inspectors
Possibly true, although this ignores the fact that the last time force was used against Iraq on a significant scale because of its non-compliance with UN Security Resolutions, the opposite effect was produced.
After the Clinton Administration and Blair Government attacked Iraq from 16-19 December, 1998, the result was the collapse of Richard Butler's UNSCOM and the absence of weapons inspectors from Iraq for the next four years. Hardly a testament to the use of force, to say nothing of the precedent this kind of behaviour sets. The Prime Minister's claim that "Hussein effectively expelled weapons inspectors during 1998" is untrue and he knows it (The Australian, 1 January, 2003). Richard Butler withdrew his weapons inspectors on Washington's advice only hours before the Anglo-American attacks in December 1998.
Why wasn't the threat of force an appropriate strategy for the West in response to Indonesia's brutal 24-year occupation of East Timor? Or South Africa's occupation of Namibia? Or Turkey's occupation of northern Cyprus? Or Israel's occupation of Palestine? Etc, etc,.
Has the threat posed by Saddam Hussein increased recently?
The West, particularly London and Washington, was solidly supporting Saddam when he committed the worst of his crimes at the zenith of his power and influence in the 1980s.
In terms of international support - especially Western and Soviet backing, the strength of his armed forces and the state of his industry and equipment, Saddam was considerably more dangerous then than he is now under harsh UN sanctions, (illegal) no-fly zones in the north (since 1991) and south (since 1993) of the country, political isolation and a degraded civilian infrastructure. Why are Saddam's attempts to develop WMD a concern now if they weren't when he actually used them?
Saddam Hussein will pass WMD on to terrorist groups such as Al Qaeda
Despite forensic efforts by Washington to produce a pretext for war, no credible evidence for this claim has been found. All we are left with is unsubstantiated assertions by Bush Administration officials such as Richard Armitage that he has no doubts Iraq would pass WMD on to terrorists (though he doesn't explain how an obvious return address resulting in reciprocal annihilation could be concealed).
This may be enough for compliant power-magnets in the Australian media, but it cannot withstand even a cursory examination. Where is the evidence for such a claim? Osama bin Laden offered the Saudi Government the resources of his organisation to remove Iraqi forces from Kuwait in 1990 instead of Riyadh relying on the US, such is the animosity between Islamic fundamentalists and secular nationalists in the Arab world. Saddam has responded by repressing fundamentalist groups within Iraq.
Would Saddam be likely to hand over to Al Qaeda nuclear weapons so painstakingly built when he, himself might be their first victim? Remarkably, the pro-war lobby reads this history as evidence of likely future co-operation between Baghdad and Al Qaeda.
Much of this is a smokescreen designed to conceal who the real proliferators of WMD are. Which states, for example assisted Israel to develop nuclear weapons - France and the US? What role did Pakistan and China play in helping North Korea build its nuclear stockpile? Why can't we read the list of European, Asian and US companies which proliferated WMD technologies to Iraq? Instead of imaginary scenarios asking 'what if Iraq acquires nuclear weapons in five years and what if it passes them on to terrorist organisations?, why not more sensible questions about which rogue states (most of whom are members of the so called 'war against terrorism') are already responsible for the proliferation of WMD?
The US wants to democratise Iraq
There is no serious US interest in a democratic transition in Iraq, because this could ultimately encourage the Shi'ite majority in the country to pursue a closer relationship with Shi'ite Iran - a nightmare scenario for Washington. It's more likely that a dissident former General, possibly involved in war crimes against Iraq's Kurdish or Shi'ite communities, will be returned from exile and presented as the "democratic opposition" to Saddam Hussein.
The US is interested in compliance and obedience rather than democracy. It has rarely, if ever, expressed an interest in democracy in the Middle East. Ideally, a pro-Western, anti-Iranian, secular "iron fist" would do. The recently rehabilitated Iraqi opposition in exile (with whom until recently the US refused to deal) has no democratic credibility and is largely unknown inside Iraq.
What is the status of pre-emptive strikes in international law?
A number of points can be made about Canberra's interest in retrospectively amending international law to legitimise a shift of strategic doctrine from deterrence to pre-emption. It would establish a precedent that others (Pakistan, India; North and South Korea) might be encouraged to follow; it would have a destabilising effect on international order; the difficulty (impossibility) of getting changes through the UN Security Council; the heightened sense of vulnerability for smaller states and for states in the region, etc, etc,. It would open up a can of worms.
Significantly, there is currently only one country which could seriously consider exercising a right to anticipatory self-defence under existing international law - Iraq. It has been directly threatened with attack by both the US and UK. There has been no reciprocal threat from Iraq.
The term 'pre-emptive war' isn't strictly accurate. As Steven Miller explains:
"Though Bush's approach has been almost universally described, in the media and elsewhere, as a doctrine of preemption, this is incorrect. Preemption refers to a military strike provoked by indications that an opponent is preparing to attack. The logic is: better to strike than be struck. But no one is suggesting that Saddam is preparing to strike the United States. There are no indications that this is the case. Bush is instead making the case for preventive war, for removing today a threat that may be more menacing and difficult in the future. The administration may prefer to label its policy preemption because that is an easier case to make. But it is not an accurate use of the term as traditionally defined."
According to international law specialist Michael Byers, "there is almost no support for a right of anticipatory self-defence as such in present-day customary international law". To the extent that pre-emptive action is permissible under Article 51 of the UN Charter, it requires very strong evidence and there is a heavy burden of justification. The United States, for example, would have to be facing a specific, grave and imminent threat from Iraq which could only be averted by the use of force. According to the test established in the mid-nineteenth century by US Secretary of State Daniel Webster - criteria applied in 1945 at Nuremberg - the need for pre-emptive action must be "instant, overwhelming, leaving no choice of means, and no moment for deliberation".
Otherwise a unilateral strike not authorised by the UN Security Council would be an act of aggression and a breach of international law. As claimed earlier, Iraq has a stronger case at this point in time (given US troop and equipment movements in Qatar, to say nothing of Bush's stated threats).
Christine Gray, author of a seminal modern text on the use of force under international law, argues that the reluctance of states "to invoke anticipatory self-defence is in itself a clear indication of the doubtful status of this jurisdiction for the use of force". According to Gray, in cases where Israel (Beirut 1968, Tunis 1985) and the US (Libya 1986, Iraq 1993, Sudan & Afghanistan 1998) have invoked anticipatory self-defence under Article 51 to justify attacks on their enemies, "the actions look more like reprisals, because they were punitive rather than defensive". The problem for the US and Israel, she argues, "is that all states agree that in principle forcible reprisals are unlawful".
By definition, pre-emptive strikes depend on conclusive intelligence. If the intelligence is wrong, as it was on 20 August 1998 when the Clinton Administration attacked the El Shifa pharmaceutical plant in Khartoum, Sudan, mistakenly believing it was an Al Qaeda chemical weapons factory, the results can be catastrophic for the innocent - self-defence becomes aggression.
Interestingly, the US has not always supported the 'doctrine' of anticipatory self-defence, even when its closest allies invoked it. On 7 June 1981 unmarked American-built F-16 aircraft of the Israeli airforce attacked and destroyed a nuclear reactor at Osirak in Iraq. The raid was authorised by Prime Minister Menachem Begin, but had been internally opposed by Yitzhak Hofi, the director of Mossad, and Major-General Yehoshua Saguy, chief of military intelligence, because there was no evidence that Iraq was capable of building a nuclear bomb. This was also the view of the International Atomic Energy Authority. At the time of the attack, Israel itself had been developing and accumulating nuclear weapons for thirteen years, primarily at its nuclear facility at Dimona.
In response to Israel's unprovoked pre-emptive strike, US Vice President George Bush Snr argued that sanctions had to be imposed on Israel. The US State Department condemned the bombing for its destabilising impact "which cannot but seriously add to the already tense situation in the area". The basis of Washington's concern, it must be said, was not its opposition to anticipatory self-defence per se but that Israel had violated the UN Charter by not exhausting all peaceful means for the resolution of the conflict - in truth no peaceful resolution had been sought. A few days after the raid, Ronald Reagan's White House announced that the planned delivery of four additional F-16s to Israel would be suspended in protest against the attack. The suspension was discretely lifted soon after.
In the current climate when pre-emptive attacks are being invoked as just responses to terrorism, it is worth recalling Princeton University historian Arno Mayer comments in Le Monde shortly after the 9/11 attacks:
"...since 1947 America has been the chief and pioneering perpetrator of "pre-emptive" state terror, exclusively in the Third World and therefore widely dissembled. Besides the unexceptional subversion and overthrow of governments in competition with the Soviet Union during the Cold War, Washington has resorted to political assassinations, surrogate death squads, and unseemly freedom fighters (eg, bin Laden). It masterminded the killing of Lumumba and Allende; and it unsuccessfully tried to put to death Castro, Khadafi, and Saddam Hussein... and vetoed all efforts to rein in not only Israel's violation of international agreements and UN resolutions but also its practice of pre-emptive state terror."
The question of oil: Access or control?
From the middle of last century Washington's foreign policy priority in the Middle East was to establish US control over what the State Department described as "a stupendous source of strategic power and one of the great material prizes in world history", namely the region's vast reserves of crude oil. Middle Eastern oil was regarded in Washington as "probably the richest economic prize in the world in the field of foreign investment", in what President Eisenhower described as the most "strategically important area in the world".
Control could be most easily maintained via a number of despotic feudal oligarchies in the Gulf which ensured the extraordinary wealth of region would be shared between a small number of ruling families and US oil companies, rather than European commercial competitors or the population of these states. Until recently the US has not required the oil for itself though it needed to ensure that the oil price stayed within a desirable range or band - not too low for profit making or too high to discourage consumption and induce inflation. A side benefit of this control over such a vital industrial resource is the influence it gives the US over economic development in rival countries such as Japan.
The greatest threat to this control has always been independent economic nationalism, especially nationalist politicians within the oil-producing region who, unlike the feudal oligarchies of the Gulf states, would channel wealth into endogenous development priorities rather than to US transnationals.
The US wants to secure reliable access to the world's second largest oil reserves, 112 billion barrels already known with possibly double that figure still to be mapped and claimed, thus depriving France and Russia of commercial advantages they have developed in Iraq over the last decade when US companies have been excluded. Just as importantly, access to Iraqi oil would also make the US less reliant upon - and therefore less supportive of - the regime in Saudi Arabia. The geo-political dynamics of the Middle East would be transformed.
If Russia and France maintain their inside track on Iraqi oil, then US corporations will be partially shut out from an enormous resource prize. No US administration is likely to accept that scenario. Meanwhile, Iraqi dissidents close to Washington have promised to cancel all existing oil contracts awarded to firms which do not assist the US to remove Saddam Hussein from power. Regime change in Baghdad could therefore be a bonanza for US oil companies and a disaster for Russian and French companies which have painstakingly built up their relations with the Iraqi dictator since the Gulf war. When Iraq's oil comes fully back on stream, as many as 5 million barrels of oil (or 6.5%) could be added to the world's daily supply. The implications of this for existing suppliers, the global spot price, economic growth, OPEC and the world's consumers are enormous.
This is not an issue of access, it is primarily about control. The US was just as concerned to control Middle East oil producing regions when it didn't depend on them at all. Until about 30 years ago, North America was the largest producer and the US scarcely used Middle East oil at all. Since then Venezuela has normally been the largest oil exporter to the United States. US intelligence projections suggest that in coming years the US will rely primarily on Western Hemisphere resources: primarily the Atlantic basin - Venezuela, Mexico, Brazil, probably Colombia, but also possibly Canada, which has huge potential reserves if they become economically competitive. Imported supplies accounted for 50% of US oil consumption in 2000 and by 2020 the figure is expected to rise to 66%.
Control over the world's greatest concentration of energy resources has two goals: (1) economic: huge profits for energy corporations, construction firms, arms producers, as well as petrodollars recycled to US treasury, etc; and (2) it's a lever of global geo-political control. For those trying to understand the motives behind US behaviour towards Iraq, it is impossible to underestimate the importance which oil has in the minds of Washington's strategic planners.
Attempts to discredit arguments about US access to Iraqi oil by claiming that it if it is interested in access to supplies it could more easily strike a deal with Saddam to satisfy its "thirst for oil" rather than overthrow him, entirely miss the crucial issue - control (The Australian, 2 January, 2003).
The credibility of the UN and Canberra
In September 2002, the Iraq issue in Australia suddenly centred on the honour and integrity of the UN, a subject not previously thought to have concerned the Howard Government. The international community "can't afford" to have its authority "brushed aside," argued foreign minister Alexander Downer, otherwise it will "look meaningless and weak, completely ineffectual". According to the Prime Minister, "if the United Nations Security Council doesn't rise to its responsibilities on this occasion it will badly weaken its credibility".
Former chief weapons inspector and Australian Ambassador to the UN, Richard Butler, argued that the Security Council faces the "challenge of its life" and its future would be "terminal" if it didn't hold Iraq to account this time. His predecessor at the UN, Michael Costello, agrees. "If the UN Security Council won't enforce its own resolutions against Iraq, the whole UN collective security system will be badly wounded, perhaps fatally."
One might have thought that the credibility of the UN Security Council had been badly weakened before now, say in Bosnia in 1993, Rwanda in 1994 or in East Timor in 1999 to cite only three recent cases when it failed to protect defenceless civilians from slaughter. Palestinians might wonder why the organisation's authority hasn't been "brushed aside" by Israel's consistent non-compliance with numerous Security Council resolutions calling for it's withdrawal from occupied territories, from resolution 242 in 1967 to resolution 1402 in March 2002.
Washington clearly has an idiosyncratic view about states complying with UN Security Council resolutions. If the US objects to non-compliance, the country is attacked. If the US favors non-compliance it either vetoes the resolution or disregards it, in which case it is as good as vetoed. Since the early 1970s, for example, the US has vetoed 22 draft Security Council resolutions on Palestine alone - this figure doesn't include 7 vetoes relating to Israel's invasion of Lebanon in the 1980s.
At the National Press Club and later on commercial talkback radio, Mr Howard seemed to think that because Israel was a democracy it shouldn't be judged by the same standards as Iraq. The future of the UN Security Council is not apparently terminal when its resolutions regarding Palestine and Israel are flouted. He should be reminded that democracies are just as obliged to observe international law as authoritarian dictatorships - there is no exemption. In fact we should expect a higher commitment to the rule of law from countries which pronounce their democratic credentials. Later, the argument shifted slightly. Israel wasn't obliged to observe UN Security Council Resolutions because they are only invoked under Chapter 6 of the UN Charter, rather than Chapter 7. This is a novel interpretation of international law, to put it kindly.
Despite rhetoric which portrays the UN as a foreign body at its moment of truth, it is nothing more than the states which comprise it - including Australia and the US. If it has become dysfunctional, it is those member states which manipulate it for their own individual purposes which are to blame. Those who think the credibility of the UN is suddenly at risk over the question of Iraq might like to explain why non-compliance now is suddenly a pretext for an imminent attack on Iraq when Baghdad has been in violation of UN Security Council resolutions for four years.
The Prime Minister asks if Iraq has "nothing to hide and nothing to conceal from the world community, why has it repeatedly refused to comply with the resolutions of the United Nations Security Council"?
Perhaps it's for the same reason that he restricts the UN from entering Australia's refugee detention centres? Or for the same reason Israel would not allow the UN to inspect its research institute at Nes Ziona near Tel Aviv which produces chemical and biological weapons, a stockpile of chemical agents Mr Howard claims he is "not aware" of.
If he had bothered to inquire, Mr Howard would have found that "there is hardly a single known or unknown form of chemical or biological weaponswhich is not manufactured at the institute", according to a biologist who held a senior post in Israeli intelligence. Nes Ziona does not work on defensive and protective devices, but only biological weapons for attack, claims the British Foreign Report.
The Prime Minister believes that Iraq's "aspiration to develop a nuclear capacity" might be a sufficient pretext for war. He has repeatedly claimed that "there is already a mountain of evidence in the public domain," though he didn't say what any of it actually proved beyond the existing public record, or how it established that the United States faces a specific, grave and imminent threat from Iraq which can only be averted by the use of force.
According to the Prime Minister, the mountain of evidence includes an IISS report which actually found Saddam was much less dangerous now than in the past when he was backed by the West. Scott Ritter, a former UN weapons inspector in Iraq, described the IISS report as little more than conjecture. "It's absurd. It has zero factual basis. It's all rhetoric...speculative and meaningless." There was a similar response to President Bush's speech to the United Nations General Assembly on 12 September, which outlined Iraq's breaches of international law. According to conservative Middle East expert Anthony Cordesman, Bush's speech was "clumsy and shallow" and little more than "a glorified press release." It offered little, if anything, that wasn't already on the public record. More a trough than a mountain.
At the UN on 13 September, Foreign Minister Downer claimed that "Iraq's flagrant and persistent defiance is a direct challenge to the United Nations, to the authority of the Security Council, to international law, and to the will of the international community". Four days later in the Australian Parliament Mr Downer repeated the charges, that Iraq "directly challenges the authority of the United Nations and international law," that it poses "a grave threat" to the world, that it "has flouted and frustrated UN resolutionspersistently defied legally binding obligations" and is therefore "a serial transgressor." Every one of these comments could also have been made about Israel. However, for reasons not explained there are to be no dossiers presented to the Parliament outlining its breaches of UN resolutions, it won't be called "a serial transgressor" of international law, nor has it's long history of defying Security Council resolutions ever meant that "the authority of the United Nations was at stake."
If Washington bypasses the Security Council or cannot get UN authorisation for a strike against Iraq but unilaterally attacks the country regardless, it will have done much greater damage to the UN's credibility than years of Iraqi non-compliance with Security Council resolutions.
Neither the Prime Minister nor the Foreign Minister have answered the key question: Where is the new evidence that makes military action against Iraq more urgent now than it has been since December 1998 when Richard Butler withdrew UNSCOM from Iraq? Prime Minister Howard claims the onus is on the critics of his Government's approach to articulate an alternative (The Australian, 1 January, 2003). What about the policy of containment his Government comfortably lived with between 1996 and 2002? As two conservative realists noted:
"The belief that Saddam's past behaviour shows that he cannot be contained rests on distorted history and dubious logic. In fact, the historical record shows that the United States can contain Iraq effectively - even if Saddam has nuclear weapons - just as it contained the Soviet Union during the Cold War. And that conclusion carries an obvious implication: there is no good reason to attack Iraq at this time" (Mearsheimer & Walt 2002).
***
Two powerful conservative/realist critiques of a US war against Iraq, which are nonetheless very sympathetic to Washington, are Steven E. Miller, 'Gambling on War: Force, Order, and the Implications of Attacking Iraq' in Carl Kaysen et al, War with Iraq: Costs, Consequences, and Alternatives (American Academy of Arts & Sciences, Committee on International Security Studies, Cambridge MA 2002); and John J. Mearsheimer & Stephen M. Walt, Can Saddam Be Contained? History Says Yes,(Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard University, Cambridge MA November 2002).
***
Scott Burchill is a lecturer in international relations at the School of Social & International Studies, Deakin University.
This story was found at:http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/01/13/1041990224220.html
Guest
Re: A duhet sulmuar Iraku??????
Enton te majtet e kane inat ameriken sese me sa duken bathet asnje shtet ska pare mire nga kapitalizmi amerikan por vetem varferi dhe shtypje.Nuk kane inat Amerken por politikene saj dhe duke qene se Amerika eshte kryeqendra e Kapitalizmit ato e kane inat.
Iraku nuk duhet sulmuar pasi ai asnjeher nuk kakercenuar njeri!
Kjo lufte eshte lufte per Nafte.
Ne parrullen e nje manifestusi shkruhej:
No More Blood For Oil
Enton te majtet e kane inat ameriken sese me sa duken bathet asnje shtet ska pare mire nga kapitalizmi amerikan por vetem varferi dhe shtypje.Nuk kane inat Amerken por politikene saj dhe duke qene se Amerika eshte kryeqendra e Kapitalizmit ato e kane inat.
Iraku nuk duhet sulmuar pasi ai asnjeher nuk kakercenuar njeri!
Kjo lufte eshte lufte per Nafte.
Ne parrullen e nje manifestusi shkruhej:
No More Blood For Oil
Re: A duhet sulmuar Iraku??????
Ka kercenuar dhe ka arritur te pushtoje pjese te Iranit dhe Kuvaitin. Shtyp e vret popullsine shiite ne jug(pro-iraniane) dhe ate kurde ne veri. Si spaska kercenuar njeri Iraku? Ameriken po natyrisht nuk e ka kercenuar. Amerika e solli Sadamin ne pushtet Amerika po e heq. Me nje gur vret dy zogj Amerika, dhe Sadamin tani i pabindur ndaj ish-padroneve te tij te dikurshem por dhe merr naften. Populli e ha kot plumbin dhe bomben, Sadami nuk po e ha kot.
Sadami jo se ka dale nga binaret se i dale ka qene me kohe(kujto luftrat Iran,Kuvajt,Kurd, kercenimet ndaj Arabise Saudite) por Sadami tani ndryshe nga dikur nuk po i bindet Amerikes ajo qe e armatosi. A nuk eshte e njejte me Bin Laden i stervitur dhe armatosur nga CIA?
Po brohen shoket ruse dhe kineze, socialista franceze dhe italiane. Si qenkan njerezit. Megjithate Iraku ka kercenuar e jo asnje si thuhet me lart. Iraku ka helmuar iraniane, ka helmuar kurde dhe kuvaitjane.
Ka kercenuar dhe ka arritur te pushtoje pjese te Iranit dhe Kuvaitin. Shtyp e vret popullsine shiite ne jug(pro-iraniane) dhe ate kurde ne veri. Si spaska kercenuar njeri Iraku? Ameriken po natyrisht nuk e ka kercenuar. Amerika e solli Sadamin ne pushtet Amerika po e heq. Me nje gur vret dy zogj Amerika, dhe Sadamin tani i pabindur ndaj ish-padroneve te tij te dikurshem por dhe merr naften. Populli e ha kot plumbin dhe bomben, Sadami nuk po e ha kot.
Sadami jo se ka dale nga binaret se i dale ka qene me kohe(kujto luftrat Iran,Kuvajt,Kurd, kercenimet ndaj Arabise Saudite) por Sadami tani ndryshe nga dikur nuk po i bindet Amerikes ajo qe e armatosi. A nuk eshte e njejte me Bin Laden i stervitur dhe armatosur nga CIA?
Re: A duhet sulmuar Iraku??????
O Gjeneralo, nga ajo politike dhe nga ai sistem qe te majtet nuk e duan po dalin gjith ato pare per gjithe vendet e botes.
Ja diku lexova se dhe Shqiperise do ti jepej ndihme, nja 28 milione dollare, thjesht per shpirt te babes.
Ca borxhi i ka Amerika Shqiperise?
Ca borxhi i paska qe ti jape pare per ndihme, si Shqiperise po dhe gjithe botes?
Nuk beri CCCP me shume jo, me gjithe parrullat e "Proletare te te gjitha vendeve bashkohuni" apo me "internacionalizmin proletar">
Te majtet e kane inat Ameriken, se ne Amerike ben hajer punetori, ndersa te majtet duan tia marrin atij qe ka dhe tia japin atij qe s'ka, dhe natyrisht jetojne ne nje bote endrrash, ku te gjithe jane te barabarte. Nuk jemi te barabarte Gjeneralo, shif dhe Enveri e vertetoi, ca i shtypi si morra ca i ngriti, se e dite qe nuk ishim te gjithe njesoj.(lol)
Po ca ti bosh u ngriten morrat tashi dhe bojn tifozllik per Palestinen, se morri morr ngelet.
Eshte ironike, komunistat ne Shqiperi jane me Ameriken, ndersa keta demokratet jane me Irakun!?
Sa ven mrapc qe paskena qen ne dhe sa te mallkum!
O Gjeneralo, nga ajo politike dhe nga ai sistem qe te majtet nuk e duan po dalin gjith ato pare per gjithe vendet e botes.
Ja diku lexova se dhe Shqiperise do ti jepej ndihme, nja 28 milione dollare, thjesht per shpirt te babes.
Ca borxhi i ka Amerika Shqiperise?
Ca borxhi i paska qe ti jape pare per ndihme, si Shqiperise po dhe gjithe botes?
Nuk beri CCCP me shume jo, me gjithe parrullat e "Proletare te te gjitha vendeve bashkohuni" apo me "internacionalizmin proletar">
Te majtet e kane inat Ameriken, se ne Amerike ben hajer punetori, ndersa te majtet duan tia marrin atij qe ka dhe tia japin atij qe s'ka, dhe natyrisht jetojne ne nje bote endrrash, ku te gjithe jane te barabarte. Nuk jemi te barabarte Gjeneralo, shif dhe Enveri e vertetoi, ca i shtypi si morra ca i ngriti, se e dite qe nuk ishim te gjithe njesoj.(lol)
Po ca ti bosh u ngriten morrat tashi dhe bojn tifozllik per Palestinen, se morri morr ngelet.
Eshte ironike, komunistat ne Shqiperi jane me Ameriken, ndersa keta demokratet jane me Irakun!?
Sa ven mrapc qe paskena qen ne dhe sa te mallkum!
Re: A duhet sulmuar Iraku??????
Nuk eshte puna per te mbrojtur Irakun ne fakt ne ketu flasim per Sadamin se ai eshte diktatori qe po i kryen ato krimet e lartpermendura. Flasim per te drejten per vetqeverisje te cdo kombi. Edhe ne psh nuk erdhi njeri te na e rrezonte Enverin por e beme vet edhe pse me nje vonese kolosale.
Dhe une jame mendimit qe vdo shtet ka te drejten te zgjedhe apo rrezoje ate qe e drejton si komb. Flasim per demokraci.
E nese Irakienet qenkan aq mazokiste sa te pelqejne nje lider si ai qe i ka sjelle mjaft te keqija Irakut, atehere le te bejn si te duan. Nuk ka te drejte ti sulmoje njeri.
Nese inspektimi per armet kimike rezulton ne rrezik konkret per boten e qyteteruar atehere le te merren masa, por ironia eshte qe pa dale ende keto rezultate (if they ever will) forcat ushtarake amerikane jane perqendruar prane destinacionit dhe jane gati per lufte.
Nuk eshte puna per te mbrojtur Irakun ne fakt ne ketu flasim per Sadamin se ai eshte diktatori qe po i kryen ato krimet e lartpermendura. Flasim per te drejten per vetqeverisje te cdo kombi. Edhe ne psh nuk erdhi njeri te na e rrezonte Enverin por e beme vet edhe pse me nje vonese kolosale.
Dhe une jame mendimit qe vdo shtet ka te drejten te zgjedhe apo rrezoje ate qe e drejton si komb. Flasim per demokraci.
E nese Irakienet qenkan aq mazokiste sa te pelqejne nje lider si ai qe i ka sjelle mjaft te keqija Irakut, atehere le te bejn si te duan. Nuk ka te drejte ti sulmoje njeri.
Nese inspektimi per armet kimike rezulton ne rrezik konkret per boten e qyteteruar atehere le te merren masa, por ironia eshte qe pa dale ende keto rezultate (if they ever will) forcat ushtarake amerikane jane perqendruar prane destinacionit dhe jane gati per lufte.
Re: A duhet sulmuar Iraku??????
O Ela, forcat jane perqendruar pasi eshte nje nga parimet me elementare te pergatitjes ushtarake.
A e di ti se sa kohe duhet per trupat te levizin?
Eshte nje logistic nightmare.
Pastaj, nigjo ti Ela.
kur mbaroi lufta e Gjirit Persik, Irakut ju numuruan te gjitha armet qe ksihte, sidomos ato te shkaterrimit ne mase.
Pra dihej qe kishte nja 20 ton nerve gas, x ton saharine etj..
Ato nuk gjenden me. Ne e dime qe ai i kishte. Ku jane?
Sadami ende nuk jep perjgigje per keto arme, ku jane, ku shkuan, ku i shiten, a u shkaterruan, a ka prova se u shkaterruan, apo i ka fshehur ne Siri?
Pra te gjithe e dime qe i ka, nuk eshte se po priten prova, provat dihen, mungesa e tyre eshte prove ne vete, sepse sic thash dhe me lart, ne 91 i kishte, ku jane tani?
Veteqeverisje thua?
Po Milloshevici?
Madje per Milloshevicin, as nuk u pyet OKB, nese te ujtohet u anashkalua komplet keshilli i sigurimit, apo atehere ne interesonte?
Dhe nese kujton se ishim ne qe e rrezuam Enverin gabon, e para sepse Enveri vdiq ne shtrat, dhe qame te gjithe si toca, por dhe kur erdhi demokracia ne ishim te fundit, dhe ishte Gorbacovi ose Reagani, varet se nga kendveshtrimi qe e rrezoi ate sistem.
Ka shume veta ne Forum qe do te kishin dashur te vinte Amerika e ta hiqte Hoxhen me dhune, pasi si ke ne, si ke Sadami ashtu dhe ne Kube, fitonin kandidatet e frontin nga 99.99%, dhe ai te shtypte koken po te ngrije zerin.
O Ela, forcat jane perqendruar pasi eshte nje nga parimet me elementare te pergatitjes ushtarake.
A e di ti se sa kohe duhet per trupat te levizin?
Eshte nje logistic nightmare.
Pastaj, nigjo ti Ela.
kur mbaroi lufta e Gjirit Persik, Irakut ju numuruan te gjitha armet qe ksihte, sidomos ato te shkaterrimit ne mase.
Pra dihej qe kishte nja 20 ton nerve gas, x ton saharine etj..
Ato nuk gjenden me. Ne e dime qe ai i kishte. Ku jane?
Sadami ende nuk jep perjgigje per keto arme, ku jane, ku shkuan, ku i shiten, a u shkaterruan, a ka prova se u shkaterruan, apo i ka fshehur ne Siri?
Pra te gjithe e dime qe i ka, nuk eshte se po priten prova, provat dihen, mungesa e tyre eshte prove ne vete, sepse sic thash dhe me lart, ne 91 i kishte, ku jane tani?
Veteqeverisje thua?
Po Milloshevici?
Madje per Milloshevicin, as nuk u pyet OKB, nese te ujtohet u anashkalua komplet keshilli i sigurimit, apo atehere ne interesonte?
Dhe nese kujton se ishim ne qe e rrezuam Enverin gabon, e para sepse Enveri vdiq ne shtrat, dhe qame te gjithe si toca, por dhe kur erdhi demokracia ne ishim te fundit, dhe ishte Gorbacovi ose Reagani, varet se nga kendveshtrimi qe e rrezoi ate sistem.
Ka shume veta ne Forum qe do te kishin dashur te vinte Amerika e ta hiqte Hoxhen me dhune, pasi si ke ne, si ke Sadami ashtu dhe ne Kube, fitonin kandidatet e frontin nga 99.99%, dhe ai te shtypte koken po te ngrije zerin.
Re: A duhet sulmuar Iraku??????
Po flas duke qendruar ne kontakt me ate cka shkruan media britanike, qe sic do ta dish eshte nje shtyp i lire. Ne Angli ka rene shume mbeshtetja ndaj kesaj lufte, aktualisht vetem 30% e mbeshtesin edhe pse Britania eshte aleati kryesor i SHBA's.Arsyeja eshte ajo qe thashe me siper, provat konkrete, e sic thashe dhe une nese keto egzistojen le te merren masa.
Ama nese keto paskan egzistuar dikur perse nuk u moren masa atehere, perse pikerisht tani, apo jemi qe jemi i heqim te gjithe armiqte e mundshem.
Ok jam dakort me ato te mesipermet per rrezimin e komunizmit e kisha fjalen, erdhi me kohen ama edhe ne u ngritem dhe protestuam ndaj dickaje qe kishim pasur fobi te protestojme.
Per mobilizimin e forcave e kisha fjalen ne sensin qe ndjehet nga te gjithe qe nje lufte eshte afer.
Nejse lal, se po lodhim trurin shume me keto, te kemi venin ton ne paqe ne se te tjerat .....
Po flas duke qendruar ne kontakt me ate cka shkruan media britanike, qe sic do ta dish eshte nje shtyp i lire. Ne Angli ka rene shume mbeshtetja ndaj kesaj lufte, aktualisht vetem 30% e mbeshtesin edhe pse Britania eshte aleati kryesor i SHBA's.Arsyeja eshte ajo qe thashe me siper, provat konkrete, e sic thashe dhe une nese keto egzistojen le te merren masa.
Ama nese keto paskan egzistuar dikur perse nuk u moren masa atehere, perse pikerisht tani, apo jemi qe jemi i heqim te gjithe armiqte e mundshem.
Ok jam dakort me ato te mesipermet per rrezimin e komunizmit e kisha fjalen, erdhi me kohen ama edhe ne u ngritem dhe protestuam ndaj dickaje qe kishim pasur fobi te protestojme.
Per mobilizimin e forcave e kisha fjalen ne sensin qe ndjehet nga te gjithe qe nje lufte eshte afer.
Nejse lal, se po lodhim trurin shume me keto, te kemi venin ton ne paqe ne se te tjerat .....
Re: A duhet sulmuar Iraku??????
Karburanti ne Amerike eshte te pakten dy here me i lire se ne Europe.
Amerika lufton per popullin e saj ne rradhe te pare qofte kjo lufte dhe lufte qe mund te gjakose nje popull tjeter.
Qeveria Amerikane duhet pergezuar qe kujdeset per popullin e saj biles eshte qeveria me demokratike ne bote ndaj popullit te saj.
Politika ekonomike amerikane eshte e orientuar drejt konsumit te popullit. Te gjitha pajisjet shtepiake ne Amerike jane dy here me te ulta se ne Europe. Kush eshte ne Amerike te e pohoje kete te vertete Amerikane.
Zezaket ketu as punojne vetem aheng duan dhe jane kredhur ne borxhe ne kredit cards. Bankat te mos i japin i heqin licensat dhe i vene gjoba sepse po veprojne si raciste.
I plasi Amerikes per te tjeret. Doktrina "Amerika per Amerikanet" shpreh se perderisa banoret e shtetin tone jane te kenaqur ne pasurohemi(te pasurit).
Enverin nuk kishte pse e hiqte Amerika. Cfare interesi do kishte me pas nga lufta per te e hequr? Ska dale per sevap Amerika. Te ben nje pune por do marre shperblimin. Ne Shqiperi te merrte Myzeqene apo Tropojen? Apo krom e minerale te tjera te cilat jane si kripa? Sot nafta eshte flori.
Karburanti ne Amerike eshte te pakten dy here me i lire se ne Europe.
Amerika lufton per popullin e saj ne rradhe te pare qofte kjo lufte dhe lufte qe mund te gjakose nje popull tjeter.
Qeveria Amerikane duhet pergezuar qe kujdeset per popullin e saj biles eshte qeveria me demokratike ne bote ndaj popullit te saj.
Politika ekonomike amerikane eshte e orientuar drejt konsumit te popullit. Te gjitha pajisjet shtepiake ne Amerike jane dy here me te ulta se ne Europe. Kush eshte ne Amerike te e pohoje kete te vertete Amerikane.
Zezaket ketu as punojne vetem aheng duan dhe jane kredhur ne borxhe ne kredit cards. Bankat te mos i japin i heqin licensat dhe i vene gjoba sepse po veprojne si raciste.
I plasi Amerikes per te tjeret. Doktrina "Amerika per Amerikanet" shpreh se perderisa banoret e shtetin tone jane te kenaqur ne pasurohemi(te pasurit).
Re: A duhet sulmuar Iraku??????
Jo ore Shadow ti fol kot, ne na e ka per borxh Amerika te na japi pare.
Pse pre vete do punojme ne e?
Problemi qendron ne faktin se ne gjithe boten, qeverite jane aq te korruptuara sa njerezve nuk ju besohet seka qeveri ne ket bote qe bejne per popullin e tyre, prandaj dhe u duket e habitshme se si Amerika ka per qellim pasurimin e vet!?
Te lumt goja per ato qe ke thon, se jon te gjitha te verteta!
Jo ore Shadow ti fol kot, ne na e ka per borxh Amerika te na japi pare.
Pse pre vete do punojme ne e?
Problemi qendron ne faktin se ne gjithe boten, qeverite jane aq te korruptuara sa njerezve nuk ju besohet seka qeveri ne ket bote qe bejne per popullin e tyre, prandaj dhe u duket e habitshme se si Amerika ka per qellim pasurimin e vet!?
Te lumt goja per ato qe ke thon, se jon te gjitha te verteta!
Guest
Re: A duhet sulmuar Iraku??????
akoma vazhdonka kjo tema /pf/images/graemlins/laugh.gif
dhe te mendosh qe filloi vetem si nje projekt shkolle
/pf/images/graemlins/laugh.gif
akoma vazhdonka kjo tema /pf/images/graemlins/laugh.gif
dhe te mendosh qe filloi vetem si nje projekt shkolle
/pf/images/graemlins/laugh.gifRe: A duhet sulmuar Iraku??????
Mbrohet Amerika sepse UNE qe banoj ne Amerike e di qe lufta do sjelle fitime per gjithe banoret e Amerikes. Mos harro se ke 300-400 mije shqiptare te rinj e te vjeter bashke ne Amerike qe perfitojne nga lufta dhe deri tani shqiptare qe kam takuar ne Amerike (une takoj me shume se ty) jane kunder luftes sepse eshte jo-humane por e dredhin me pas kur i kujton se Bushi i ka premtuar clirime ne taksa dhe Bushi e mbajti fjalen para dy vjeteve duke iu dhene familjes me te varfer 600 dollare plus lirime ne taksa ka per ta mbajtur dhe tani. Behet fjale per 1200 dollare qyl. Sa para fitojne Shqiptaret se bashku? Disa qindra milione dollare. Shqiptari emigrant thote "merri ato para se qyl i ke e mos bej ze". Te vij mire qe mireqenia e shqiptarit permiresohet pastaj te vij keq per Irakenin. Shqiptari eshte gjaku yt.
Re: A duhet sulmuar Iraku??????
Egzaktesisht gjaku im eshte shqiptar.
Meqe jemi tek interesi personal, lufta sjell pasoja ekonomike. Meqe amerika eshte me e fuqishme ekonomikisht, kur teshtin ajo ftohet europa ndaj nje lufte nuk eshte ne interes. Dhe mos harrojme the economy is not exactly blooming right now as it is anyway.
Egzaktesisht gjaku im eshte shqiptar.
Meqe jemi tek interesi personal, lufta sjell pasoja ekonomike. Meqe amerika eshte me e fuqishme ekonomikisht, kur teshtin ajo ftohet europa ndaj nje lufte nuk eshte ne interes. Dhe mos harrojme the economy is not exactly blooming right now as it is anyway.
nike palkola
Primus registratum
Re: A duhet sulmuar Iraku??????
Shadov...
Ato para që fitohen nga lufta qoftë direkt qoftë indirekt janë haram, janë para gjaku.
Lufta nuk do sjelli mirëqenie, sepse edhe shpenzimet e luftës i paguajn taksapaguesit.
Shqiptaria mbrohet e punohet për Te në principet e ndershme - humane e të Zotit!
Shadov...
Ato para që fitohen nga lufta qoftë direkt qoftë indirekt janë haram, janë para gjaku.
Lufta nuk do sjelli mirëqenie, sepse edhe shpenzimet e luftës i paguajn taksapaguesit.
Shqiptaria mbrohet e punohet për Te në principet e ndershme - humane e të Zotit!